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NATD-THI
NG AlliANCI
Portugal Takes Giant Leap Leftward
AOcr the anit•al cuphona thal
followed the end of the author–
uanan Caetano regune. u h.&Unung
quesuon remained: Would Gen..
eral Antonio Spinola. ostc:ns,bly at
1hc hcad of thc revoluttonary
forces. be able to consohdate Por·
1ugalmtoa dcmocrauc
SO\'tmment
on a par
wilb
othcrs of
We,aem
Europe?
Tbc answcr
(rom
all and.cauons
•S
a firm
..
No:·
h only
ap,...ean
now
ohat o.he militaoy dJctaiOI'$hlp of tht
Righ1 has been replaeed wuh a mol·
11aoy
dictaoo~Ship
of the Lefl. The
once-muri:y post-l'evoluuon picturc
becamc clearcr with thc
recen1
threat of the armed forces 10 poso–
pone the upcomtng spr.n&ele<:cions
unlcss gi"'en a pcrmancnt vo•ce
'"
runnins
the
c:ountry.
All political porlltS as>0<1atcd
w11h che old
Cactano
rc¡1mc
have
been oullav.·ed.. a.lons .,llb any and
all panie> lo the pohlleal nsht of
the Soc1al Oemocrallc Cenaer
~~~!>e:~,/:[~~ ~~~~:.~~~':~~~
Weso European oounories
London·•
Daily 1i!iegra¡JI•
hosla–
belled the ne.w reg.une
11
"militnry
d•ctatorship .• . domtn;Hed
by
the
Communist party."
Bl~
Wom -
Efr«t
011
NATO
Ponuv-J"s great leap left,.ard be–
san wuh thc resig.naoon of General
Sp1nola in late summc.r. In
ht~
res·
•gnauon <peecl>. Sp10ola decned
lhC '
4
new
Jcind Of
$l3vtry"
that WllS
bemg institutcd . Hts dcparturc
coincided wuh the rcmovnl und nr·
rest of hls closest ndvisors and thc
rejection of his eeonomic plan$ as
too capitalistic
Overturcs
10
Mo!ICOW
!:»y
the new
Jeadership have bc:en tcndered. A
Sovicl llsheries mimster called off a
trip to
lisb011
at
thc los1 minu1e
following rcvelntu.>n th:u the
So–
viel$ wert pre$$108 for pon facili–
II<S for theír llsh1ng fteet Al the
same tune. tbous.1nd.s
o(
studcnc.s
and workcrs dcmons1rm1ed
'Aitb
Communi.st
ftags
CI)••S.
*K1Cl: out
NATO* m responíC tO an allied
forc;e droppm& anchor an Lis–
bon.
The e!Tect on NATO of Ponu–
gal"s "exchange or du:taiOrohips"'
remains thc most
problcmalical
factor as far
Q$
her
a iJinnce rriend$
are ooncerncd.
Pos.sible loss of
thc
strategic
Azor~!!
air fields in the
North Atlan11c •s cnough to cause
constcmation~
WHh
Greece and
Turkcy reudan& 1n
che
eastem
Mecliterranean 0\'Cr
Cyprus
a.nd
•.nually droppms ouo
or
ohe al–
liance. a dcfecuon from NATO by
Ponugal at ohe oppos11e end of thc
a11iance·s
~uthern
nank could
cause irreparable harm.
Portugal's
Ker~n.sky?
Back when the $hape of ohe pos•–
Caetano
government wa' still un·
unain. General Sp1nola was com·
pared
coa Porcu&une Oc GauiJe -
a strong man who would gradually
achie\·t: polilicaJ freedom ror bis
country. Subscquent c"·enu ha"·c
shauered lhc oompanson. There
1s
a beuer analogy: thL\1 or 1he weak.
unstablc. but
Wcstcrn~oncntcd re~
gime in
Russm thac rcpluced Cz.ar
Nichola.s and w:1s 1n turn over·
ohrown by the Oolsheviks. Spinola
c:ould turn c>ut to
tx:
Portugal•.s Ke–
rensky. O
WAITING FOR THE FISHING UCENSE
WEEK ENDINO MARCII 22. 197S
Cyprus:
TheCivil War
WhichWorries
theWest
PAPIIOS. CYPRUS: Ancicnt
mythology hold< that Aphrodile.
goddess of love and beauoy.
was
bom out of oh< d••p blue Mediter–
nanc:ao watcrs
JU.St
east or
hCTC.
But
todloy the ¡oddess"s cheruhed 1Sit
has hule lo"c. and its beauty is
marnd by bombed ouo ••hieles.
and by untold aeres
or
olf-white
caovas tent.s
hou~mg
nearly 200.000
úreek rcfugee>.
Yet, bcyond
th e lmmedin te
human sulfering on 1h1s fablcd isle.
therc are much broader implica·
tions
to thc .scem•ngly endless
<~rugsle
bet,.ccn the Greek and
Tu.rt.ish
commun1t1t1:
he
re
C.lm Berort
1ht
S tonu
LtSS than a }tlr ago Cyprus. thc
third large<t osland of the Medioer–
ranean Sta. was a vacat•onc:r·s
paradise. Thc govcrnment, hcaded
by
Prcsidenl MAleados and
Vic:e–
J>resident
Ruur
Ocnktash.
steered n
non-alig.nc:d course in the
Lroublcd
waters
o(
thc costero
Mediterra–
nean .
Cyprus
had manag.ed 10
maantau\
¡row•nJ
and profitablc
relauonsh1ps
~uh
both Arabs
and
lsraehs. Her economy was yov.·ing..
Ntwsleners and pomphlcu pub–
lished
by
the Pubhc lnfonnation
Office painted a rosy
ru1or~
for the
island
repubhc.
At least so
it
looked on thc surrace.
Thc drcarn
wtu shaucred
in the
sumrncr
or
1974 when tina
Oreeks
and then
Turk$
¡ave vent 10 thc
rrustrations and feau wbir;h
mountcd
fron' year
aner year
of
rruttless negociauons 1h31 had
fa1ltd 10 cemtnl the owo
peoptes
ani.O ooc nauon un•fied m sparit
and
purpose.
Grcd. Cypnot
Ulremtsts., m·
spired and supporoed by thc mili–
tary reg1me thcn 10 power in
mainland Orcece. violenlly ovcr·
th.rew Makanos who fled a broad
for help. Thc Turks subsequently
launched a (UII sc:ale invaston of
the 1$land. fearing that tht long–
drcamed-of Grcck
Idea
or
EnOSIS.
or
UOIOR
or Cyptu.s
with Grecce.
would soon malenalae. Such a
u.nJOn.
IR
lhc:
\IIC'W
or Antara. c:ouad
only
be
10 che detnmem or 1he
Turi:.l$h mononoy on Cyprus.
Ho~
o(:.
reasonable
solution 10
che crisis dJ.sappeartd a month ago
whcn l'urkish Cypnoc lcader
Dcnklash nnnounccd a unilateral
dec:-isioo
by
thc Turkish
minority
co
crcate a scparatc and indcpendent
Turkish Cypnot
stnte
wichin tbc
area oeeupoed by Turltish troops.
Ahhough
Turl~>h
Cypnots onl)
comp,.. about
m
of the 1Sbnd"s
populauon. the proposed staoe
would n:pre$tnl
40'\
of Cypru.s·
an:a and
m
of Cyprus· pre-war
eoonomK: and ag.ricuhural produc·
tivity. lt would include 6S% of 1he
total culuvatablc IAnd. Cyprus"s
most importnnl mme
(60%
of 1he
known mineral resourch).
itS
on1y
tConrlnu«l on page 4. col.
1}
Positions Harden in the
Middle East
JERUSALEM : Sccre1ary of
Slate: Henry K1SS1nger's latesl vis•l
10 the M•ddle Eas1 prompoed the
usual >ptculalloo and talk
10
odd•·
tion
lO
Che public
f'CSiaUng
of
al~
ready known posuions. However.
npparently liule prog.ress was mude
m closans che gap
be:1wc~n
thc
lsraeh
and Egyptian
views toward
3 second Jh,g.e tnterim
agre:ement.
The b0$oc problem confronting
Or
Kau•n¡er"s
shuul~
diplomacy u
the foct that E!)Jll i.s demandong
~te
conccssions
rrom
lsrad '"
the rorm
or
lcrritonaJ
withdrawal
rrom
Slnaa's Sltategre M
itJa
o.nd
úoddi pa.ses and the valuable Abu
Rodies oilficlds. which supply over
SO
percent of lsrnel"s fue l nced<. In
exch•ngc
fot
the lsraeli
wothdrowol. Egypo is urging Israel
to
acccpt American guarantees
on
Sadot"s btholf and
10
buy oil from
lran to replao:;, ohe supplies from
the
Sana1
•·e:lls.
luae:l.
hov.evcr. 1s
reluaant
to
b«»mc
lOO
~hant
upon lhe U.S.
a.nd
1s
not
rntly
tn
a
positton
fi.
nanc'lllfy to aff'ord
oil from lran.
The lsroelis fetl that they. •n
turn,
~;hould
rcceive sorne son
or
1ang.iblc concessions fron\ Egyp1 in
exchange
ror
withdrawal
from che
Sinai . Amon¡ the r;oncessions
Israel•'
ttskin&
rorare:
(1) A nonbelligereocy poct of
SC\'Cral
)'e&ts
whidl c:ould not
be:
annulled at
the
upcoming (;enev3
ll.lks.
(2) An easmg of tbe economK:
boytott apinst Israel and those
c:ompanres
do1n&
business
wllh
her
(3)
free
passoge of lsraeh shops
through the Suez Canal.
(4) An openmg of the border be–
twecn l.srad nnd Egypt for tourists
Pre>idcnt Soda• has replied that
E.gypt will nol sigo a formal non·
belll¡ercncy ag.reemenc until Israel
has w1lhdta';\·n from all oo:up1ed
Arab l•nds. He in<ists that suelo a
Angry Turkey
Talks Nuclear
ANKARA, (Reuoer): Turkey 1$
lhre:accning
to e"'b3.rk
on
drastic
ncw defense
mcMures...
includ~n¡
bu•ld~ng
ns own nuclear weaporu
and scohn& down ots NATO com–
mttment.
following
the: Un•ted
Stale:s embargo on arms
deb\·cnes.
In
a
sen~
or intcnicws.
go,ern·
ment lcaders have di.sdosed plans
10 extcnd
nuclur
researth bcyond
mc:rc power stadons 10 tachcal
weapon), and cite India as an
~:x
amplc of nn eoonomically ailing
nat•on thal CRn nonetheless pro–
duce atom bombs.
TurktSh Pnme Mamsu:r Sad1 Ir·
mak 1n che anterv1ew wub lhc mm
C1tcUl2üon
n~per Hum~l.
sa1d: ..
Oo•n&
nudear
is
"·c:ry dan·
¡erous for humanity. but1fwe: ha\·e
to
go
nuclur
ror
our
defcnse
we
woll."
He >tud Tu.tey would not s1gn
che
nuclear non-proliferation
treaty. and added: "lf other ooun·
tries decide on
this
kind
of
amls.
thcn our nadonal defcnse interests
force us to stay in line."
pact
can ooly be s.gned "'11h1n the
framewoli< of an o-erall Muldle
Eas1e:rn sc1tlemen1 at Gcneva.. not
before. Egyptian .ourccs pre..ntly
5tate thfll Israel sbould
trUll
in
Kissinger or some form of Amen·
can
~et
ofguarantee:s.
Prhne
Minister Rabio
recc:ntly
announced
that l$racl has
no nced
for Amcncan defense guaran1ecs
and that
<he
would rely on herself
for dercnse. Ameñcan 81,l&tt.ntees.
cmpba.sau
lsraeli
officials. eannoa
tale ohe place of Egypllan recogn•–
tion or lhe Je:wish
state.
The b•gg•st roadblock on the woy
of recognition is the factthal Egypo
eannot moke any sigm6cant move
in
this dircction for reor
or alicn·
Rling Syria and the Pale"Stine t.iber·
a11on Org.aniz.a1ion be(:ausc
of
thcir
firm stand against lsrael"s nght 10
exisl as a pohtical enuty.
At
I$$Ue
the:n
is
the reeonc•lia110n
o(
Egypo"s moderate pos111on woth
that
o(
the
hardhnc:
pcl$il10R
talen
by Syna and 1he PlO. Tht lauer os
supponed by King Faosal who re·
ce:nll)' restaaed bis posiuon toa dcl–
cgauon of oht U.S. llouse of
Reprtsent:llives on a visit to Suud1
Arabia. He told Lhem 1hat a final
pcace settlement
with
the Jews can
only
come
with
the
climrna.110n
of
the Zaonist state in Palc.sune and
w1th
thc rcturn
o(
Jeru.sale:m
to
Arab control. He ma.Jntaam th:u
there are no Jewish holy places in
Jcrusalem - Onl) Moslem and
0\ras:tianones..
8oth of Faisal"s prerequ1511<> for
pcace
tre
unth1nkable 10 the
lsrachs.
Sueh demand.s he at the
heare of the ..lsraeli intransigcnoc."
To thc citiuns of
Israel,
the
ex• ~·
tcnce
o(
their
S l31e
and
3CCC:)$ 1()
thc~r
holiest place. 1hc Wcstcrn
Wall of the Temple Mount. are
more amporta.nl than
terTitOtl~
and
wriue:n
agreemenl$.
- MNk Atmsuong
Major Po,.·er Balaott Sbiro
The nuclear threat
1$
1hc first d1·
rect oonscquence
yet
to emerge
from 1he dccision
by
Congrc$S
lO
se
ver we::tpons delivcrid
lO
Tutkey,
a nation that commands a
kty
str:u~s.ac:
posiüoo on
the
Black Sea
outlclS.
on che
So"·ie.t sou1hem
bor·
d<r and
clo$e
10 thc fta$b po1nts
O(
the
~hddle
EasL
The embargo
1•
b)-prodUCI of
Turl.ey"s miliuuy incervenuon on
Cyprus
la<t yearl abruptly ended
more than owo dtcad<S of closc:
trust be:tween Washington and r\n
kar:1. whose armed
forces,
number·
ing 4SO.OOO men.
h~d
come to
deptnd totally on U.S. supplie• and
know·how.
In relurn for Wa.shmgtoo's help
and to en.sure that Turkey
wa~
v.cll co'cred b) ohe U.S nuc:lt>r
umbrella - Ankara had agreed 10
thc m.stallatton of tathc:al nuclear
stnke and missile track•n&
raahtte.s
on
IUSOil.
In the
Turk:ish
view these havc
now bec:ome an embarras)mcnl
""To havc them on our soil withOl.ll
the U.S. milioary supplies 10 keep
up the power balance is half way 10
(Contlnued on pag• 4. col 1}
3